DSpace Coleção:http://repositorio.uem.br:8080/jspui/handle/1/10682024-03-29T01:21:07Z2024-03-29T01:21:07ZUtilização de resíduos da indústria galvanotécnica no desenvolvimento e fabricação de blocos de concreto para pavimentação intertravadaSgorlon, Juliana Guerrahttp://repositorio.uem.br:8080/jspui/handle/1/36902018-10-15T18:18:39Z2014-01-01T00:00:00ZTítulo: Utilização de resíduos da indústria galvanotécnica no desenvolvimento e fabricação de blocos de concreto para pavimentação intertravada
Autor(es): Sgorlon, Juliana Guerra
Abstract: The present work aimed to study the treatment/recycling of solid waste from the electroplating industry in the manufacture of concrete paving blocks, using the technique of stabilization/solidification in cement. Concrete blocks with different residues (blasting dust and galvanic sludge) (2%, 3%, 4%, 5% and 10%) in the substitution of fine aggregate were prepared. The blocks were subjected to physical, chemical, mechanical and microstructural tests for the assessment required to ensure good quality of the blocks, as for ensuring efficient removal/immobilization of contaminants in waste. The results obtained showed that the replacement of fine aggregate by up to 5% of blasting dust and 4% of galvanic sludge did not result in significant losses in the mechanical strength of the parts, nor lead to increased water absorption by the blocks. It has been found by chemical tests, there will be no problems of solubilization or leaching of contaminants during the useful life of the concrete blocks, since the process of solidification/stabilization leaded to physical and chemical immobilization of waste in cement mass. Thus, the use of blasting dust and electroplating sludge in manufacturing concrete paving blocks was feasible and effective, not only presenting itself as an alternative for the recycling and proper waste treatment, but also as a possibility of raw materials economy in the construction business.2014-01-01T00:00:00ZTratamento de vinhaça utilizando coagulantes naturaisGirardi, Franciéllehttp://repositorio.uem.br:8080/jspui/handle/1/36892024-01-11T19:40:52Z2009-01-01T00:00:00ZTítulo: Tratamento de vinhaça utilizando coagulantes naturais
Autor(es): Girardi, Franciélle
Abstract: The vinasse is a wastewater produced in large quantities in the processing of ethanol from sugar cane. It is produced at the ratio of 11-13 liters of vinasse for each liter of ethanol. Because to the large volume of vinasse generated by distillation of ethanol, various processes have been proposed to achieve of reduction its volume, elimination of polluting their character and their potential. These processes include the use of vinasse as fertilizer and/or to produce of biogas. The objective of the present work is to concentrate the vinasse through processes of coagulation/flocculation. This process can allow the use the thickened sludge as fertilizer or even for production of biogas and reuse the water. In this context there is an alternative process of the coagulation/flocculation which use natural coagulants: chitosan, moringa and tannin, which have the advantage of biodegradability and maintains the appropriate properties of the sludge for fertilizer and biogas production. This work reports experiments of coagulation/flocculation jar-test conducted in at temperature ~25°C, with samples of 200mL of vinasse, varying the concentration of coagulants. Jar-test experiments were carried out with an initial rapid mixing (100 rpm) followed by slowly mixing (50rpm) and then resting for sedimentation. The following parameters were measured for tested samples: color, turbidity, pH, COD, solids and some metals and macronutrient with the supernatant of the samples. The results show that natural coagulants remove about 45% of COD, 93% of color and up to 98% of the turbidity. The solids can be removed over 75%, the metals iron and copper up to 70% and removals of less than 50% were observed for calcium, magnesium, manganese and zinc. For elements related to fertilization NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium), over 50% of nitrogen and phosphorus will be incorporated into the sludge, while a lower level (30%) of potassium was present in the final sludge. These results emphasis the possible use of this technology for the production of sludge for fertilization of soil and reuse of water.2009-01-01T00:00:00ZTratamento de resíduos frutihortículasRizk, Maria Cristinahttp://repositorio.uem.br:8080/jspui/handle/1/36852024-03-25T18:06:26Z2009-01-01T00:00:00ZTítulo: Tratamento de resíduos frutihortículas
Autor(es): Rizk, Maria Cristina
Abstract: The organic waste need to be treated and disposed correctly in the environment in order to avoid the different pollution forms and health public problems. So, the aim of the present work, was to study the treatment of the fruit and vegetable wastes (FVW) generated in a local central distribution market for food CEASA (Maringá - Paraná). For this, the anaerobic digestion essays had been performed in batch reactors in pilot scale (70 litter reactor; room temperature; inoculant: sewage slude; monitoring time of 300 days) and in small scale ( 100 mL reactor; 25 oC; inoculants: water, domestic sewage, sewage sludge, swine waste; absence and presence of agitation; monitoring time of 60 days). It also had been done composting essays in six different experiments with monitoring time superior to 100 days, in which it had been added to the FVW the following wastes: sawdust (SA), residue of pruning and weeding (RPW), sugarcane bagasse (SB), soybean cake (SC) and boiler ash (BA). The organic compost produced had been evaluated as organic substrate in the planting of corn. All the processes had been evaluated by physical and chemical parameters. The anaerobic digestion process in pilot scale, as it had been developed, didn't led to an efficient degradation of fruit and vegetable wastes, because there was a low consumption of the volatile fatty acids and the removal of the chemical oxygen demand was very low, approximately 30%. In the small scale anaerobic digestion, it can be said that the best results had been obtained when the fruit and vegetable wastes had been diluted with high proportions of domestic sewage and swine waste, in the tests with agitation. However, although satisfactory results had been obtained the FVW had been got a partial stabilization, and the waste produced in the process couldn't be adequately disposed in the environment. The main results that had been obtained in the composting lead to conclude that this process have been feasible, because it was able to produce organic composts that can be used in agriculture. The composts produced in the pile 2 (50% FVW, 50% RPW), in the pile 5 (50% FVW, 30% SC, 20% RPW) and in the vermicomposting (50% FVW, 50% RPW) had showed adequate characteristics for being commercialized. The organic compost produced in the pile 4 (50% FVW, 30% BA; 20% RPW) had been the compost that produced the bigger biomass of corn, but it hadn't differed statically of the other composts, unless the compost produced in the pile 1 (50% FVW, 50% SA).2009-01-01T00:00:00ZTratamento de efluentes têxteis em reatores foto-oxidativosLenhard, Daiane Cristinahttp://repositorio.uem.br:8080/jspui/handle/1/36862024-01-16T21:58:22Z2010-01-01T00:00:00ZTítulo: Tratamento de efluentes têxteis em reatores foto-oxidativos
Autor(es): Lenhard, Daiane Cristina
Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the possibility of treating effluents from textile industrial laundries by the process of photocatalytic oxidation. For this, a survey of data from the processes of industrial laundries from Maringá and from their effluent was conducted. Then, the treatment of effluents was evaluated in four different photocatalytic oxidation reactors: two on a bench scale (a thin film reactor, with immobilized catalyst, and a slurry reactor, with the catalyst in suspension) and two in a semi-pilot scale (a slurry reactor and a reactor with submerged lamps). Using the thin film reactor, in bench scale, tests were conducted using mercury vapor lamps of high- and low-pressure. The results obtained using the high pressure lamps were better than the ones obtained using the low pressure lamps. In the tests using the slurry reactor, different parameters were evaluated for the treatment of effluents from three laundries aiming to obtain the best experimental conditions for each one. For this, an experimental design with five factors at two levels was accomplished. The best conditions obtained for the effluent from one of the laundry were used for subsequent experiments in bench scale and also in a semi-pilot. The best decolorization results were obtained using the slurry reactor, which is probably due to the higher contact area obtained in this configuration. In the slurry reactor, on semi-pilot scale, the use of analytical grade titanium dioxide and commercial titanium dioxide as well as the combination of analytical grade catalyst and hydrogen peroxide was evaluated. The best results were obtained using the analytical grade titanium dioxide and commercial titanium dioxide combined with hydrogen peroxide. In three conditions, it was possible to reuse the catalyst four times. The use of commercial titanium dioxide in different concentrations was also evaluated and the best results were obtained using 1 g.L-1 of catalyst. Tests were carried out to verify the toxicity of textile effluents before and after treatment by photo-oxidative process using the slurry reactor. For these tests the micro-crustacean Artemia salina was used. The tests indicated a reduction in toxicity of the effluent after the treatment, therefore, it can be inferred that the intermediate compounds formed after the reaction are not toxic. The analyses of the solid waste generated in the treatments using the slurry reactor, on semi-pilot scale, were also accomplished. They were classified as CLASS II-B, or non-hazardous and non-inert, and should be disposed of in industrial landfill specific for this class of solid waste. Using the reactor with submerged lamps, on semi-pilot scale, the catalyst was not used. Only hydrogen peroxide was used, as an auxiliary oxidant. The results, however, were not promising and there were no significant decolorization of the effluent.2010-01-01T00:00:00Z