DSpace Coleção:
http://repositorio.uem.br:8080/jspui/handle/1/1063
2024-03-26T14:02:03ZVolatilização de n-nh3 em função da adubação do esterco de galinha poedeira na cultura da mandioca em latossolo vermelho distrófico
http://repositorio.uem.br:8080/jspui/handle/1/7176
Título: Volatilização de n-nh3 em função da adubação do esterco de galinha poedeira na cultura da mandioca em latossolo vermelho distrófico
Autor(es): Alencar, Jorge Augusto Delatorre
Abstract: Avaliar as perdas dos fertilizantes minerais ou orgânicos aplicados no solo é uma estratégia importante para definir a sua eficiência, disponibilidade e aproveitamento dos seus nutrientes pelas plantas, bem como delimitar as quantidades do fertilizante a serem utilizadas, principalmente quando se trabalha com materiais orgânicos, contribuindo para a manutenção, ou melhoria da sustentabilidade dos sistemas agrícolas. Neste sentido o presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a volatilização de N-NH3 do esterco de galinha poedeira, utilizado como fertilizante na cultura da mandioca, no município de Diamante do Norte - PR. Os tratamentos consistiram nas doses de 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 t ha-1de esterco de galinha poedeira, aplicados no solo em dois distintos modos de distribuição: a lanço sem incorporação (LSI) e a lanço com incorporação (LCI)e mais os tratamentos adicionais: testemunha (dose 0 de esterco) e adubação mineral incorporada ao solo conforme recomendação técnica para a cultura da mandioca, totalizando 12 tratamentos, distribuídos em blocos casualizados, em quatro repetições. Cada tratamento era constituído de 4 pontos de coleta de volatilização de N-NH3, distribuídos nas entrelinhas da cultura da mandioca, cultivada com espaçamento de 0,90 x 0,60 metros. Para avaliação das perdas de nitrogênio (N) por volatilização de N-NH3 utilizou-se de uma câmara estática de captação semi-aberta, contendo solução diluída H2SO4de 0,05 a 0,02 N. A primeira coleta foi realizada 24 horas após a instalação do experimento, as subsequentes a cada quatro dias, quando os recipientes com a solução ácida eram substituídos, totalizando 25 coletas no decorrer do experimento, o qual durou 96 dias. A amônia volatilizada foi estimada pela diferença entre o volume de NaOH gasto para titular a prova em branco e o volume para titular a solução ácida proveniente da câmara estática, com os valores de volatilização de N-NH3 estimados em kg ha-1. O término da avaliação de volatilização de N-NH3 teve como critério norteador a volatilização próxima de zero ou nula. Os efeitos dos tratamentos foram verificados pela análise de variância, adotando 5% de probabilidade de erro pelo teste F, com os efeitos de doses, pós teste F, avaliados por meio de análise de regressão. O N-NH3 volatilizado aumentou linearmente com a dose de esterco de galinha poedeira, não tendo sido observado efeito do modo de distribuição; Assessing the losses of mineral or organic fertilizers applied to the soil is a vital strategy to define its efficiency, availability, and use of its nutrients by the plants, as well as delimiting the quantities of fertilizer to be used, especially when working with organic materials, contributing for maintaining, or improving the sustainability of, agricultural systems. In this sense, the present work aimed to evaluate the volatilization of N-NH3 from laying chicken manure, used as fertilizer in the cassava culture, in the municipality of Diamante do Norte - PR. The treatments consisted of doses of 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 t ha-1 of laying manure, applied to the soil in two different modes of distribution: broadcast unincorporated (BUN) and the broadcast incorporated (BIN) and the additional treatments: control (dose 0 of manure) and mineral fertilization according to the technical recommendation for the cassava culture, totaling 12 treatments, distributed in randomized blocks, in four repetitions. Each treatment consisted of 4 N-NH3 volatilization collection points, distributed between the cassava culture lines, cultivated with a spacing of 0.90 x 0.60 meters. A static semi-open capture chamber was used to evaluate nitrogen losses (N) by volatilization of N-NH3, containing diluted H2SO4 solution from 0.05 to 0.02 N. The first collection was carried out 24 hours after the installation of the experiment, the subsequent ones every four days, when the containers with the acid solution were replaced, totaling 25 collections during the experiment, which lasted 96 days. The volatilized ammonia was estimated by the difference between the volume of NaOH spent to hold the blank test and the volume to titrate the acidic solution from the static chamber, with the volatilization values of N-NH3 estimated in kg ha-1. The end of the N-NH3 volatilization evaluation had as a guiding criterion the volatilization close to zero or null. The effects of the treatments were verified by the analysis of variance, adopting a 5% probability of error by the F test, with the effects of doses, post-test F, evaluated employing means of regression analysis. The volatilized N-NH3 increased linearly with the dose of laying chicken manure, with no effect from the distribution way
Descrição: Orientador: Prof. Dr. Antonio Saraiva Muniz; Coorientador: Prof. Dr. José Ozinaldo Alves de Sena; Dissertação (mestrado em Agroecologia) - Universidade Estadual de Maringá, 20202020-01-01T00:00:00ZViabilidade técnica de parto gemelar em fêmeas da raça Nelore
http://repositorio.uem.br:8080/jspui/handle/1/1857
Título: Viabilidade técnica de parto gemelar em fêmeas da raça Nelore
Autor(es): Cavalieri, Fabíola dos Santos Ramos
Abstract: The experiment was development at the JR farm in the period from 01 May 2007 to 07 February 2008. 93 Nellore cows were used, where ten animals from embryo donors and 83 recipients. The donor cows were synchronized with the insertion of an implant and four days after the animals were superovulated with 250 IU of FSH and the recipients cows were inseminated at fixed time on the same day from donors. Seven days after insemination the embryos were collected from donors and transfers in 83 recipients cows. The pregnancy rate was 75.50% (63/83), of which 58.73% (37/63) were to single birth, 34.92% (22/63) were twin birth and 6.35% of birth were triple birth (4/63). There was no difference among the abortions rate, stillborn rate, retained placenta rate and dystocia rate in females that calved 01, 02 or 03 calves, but the rate of rejection of the calf by the cow was higher (p <0.05) from birth triple (100%), double (50%) and single (0.0%). The length of pregnancy was lower (p <0.05) in animals from birth triple and double compared to animals from birth simple (272.76, 277.45 and 282.05 days, respectively), the birth weight, weight at three months of age, weight at seven months old were higher (p <0.05) for the delivery of simple animals (28.53, 115.63 and 195.01 kg) compared to animals from birth double (22.30, 97.31 and 168.52 kg respectively) having no difference in average daily weight gain between the third and seventh months of age.2008-01-01T00:00:00ZViabilidade econômica e desempenho de um trator agrícola utilizando biocombustível extraído do óleo de girassol
http://repositorio.uem.br:8080/jspui/handle/1/1088
Título: Viabilidade econômica e desempenho de um trator agrícola utilizando biocombustível extraído do óleo de girassol
Autor(es): Wasilewski, Anderson
Abstract: The agricultural mechanization is increasingly gaining more space in the farming sector, because it became indispensable for the agricultural development, both conventional basis and agroecological. Today it is clear that besides the oil reserves are limited and finite in a near future, they still collaborate to the pollution generated by the use of fossil fuels. Biofuels emerge as an alternative source to fossil fuels, fact that goes with the agroecological principles. The vegetable oil can be used as fuel, constituting a biofuel, produced from several oleaginous plants, being biodegradable and of renewable source. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the economic viability and performance of an MF 275, 4x2 agricultural tractor, fueled with commercial diesel (80%) and a mixture thereof with sunflower vegetable oil (20%). The experiment was conducted at the Universidade Estadual de Maringá Experimental Farm, in Maringá - PR. It was used the randomized block design in a factorial scheme 2 x 3 x 2 (12 treatments), with four replications. The first factor represents the commercial diesel (100%) - OV0 and a mixture of commercial diesel (80%) with sunflower vegetable oil (20%) - OV20, the second factor were the theoretical travel speeds 3, 4 and 5 km/h-1, and the third factor is the load: submitted to the tractor With Load (CC) horizontal straw chopper coupled to the tractor with actuation of the power outlet and Without Load (SC) without actuation of the power outlet. The choice of the horizontal straw chopper was made because it is a machine of preparation and management of straw and crop residues. In the exploited conditions the results showed that there was no change in fuel consumption in both tested fuels. The tractor with load got the highest skating levels related to the tractor without load. The tractor fueled with OV20 showed a time-cost 7% higher, presenting uneconomical compared to commercial diesel B S10.2016-01-01T00:00:00ZViabilidade de urediniósporos de Phakopsora euvitis ono e controle da ferrugem da videira com fosfito
http://repositorio.uem.br:8080/jspui/handle/1/1318
Título: Viabilidade de urediniósporos de Phakopsora euvitis ono e controle da ferrugem da videira com fosfito
Autor(es): Scapin, Cláudia Regina
Abstract: Grapevine rust (Phakopsora euvitis) causes early defoliation of grape plants, damaging fruit ripening and branch development. Even though it is a macrocyclic rust in Asia, only the telial and uredinial stages have been observed in Brazil. Then, rusted grapevine leaves are presumed to be the only source of urediniospores for grapevine rust epidemics in the country. Aiming to get more information about epidemiology and control of this disease in Brazil, this study had the following objectives: (i) (i) to analyze the viability of P. euvitis urediniospores collected from uredia from the beginning of sporulation until the death of grape leaves; (ii) to analyze the effect of temperature on viability of P. euvitis urediniospores removed from leaves during preservation time; and (iii) to evaluate the protective, curative and erradicant effects of potassium phosphyte on grapevine rust control under growth chamber conditions. The assays were carried out with "Niagara" grape (Vitis vinifera x Vitis labrusca) plants growth in pots, having at least 5-6 fully developed leaves, which were inoculated with standard urediniospore suspension. The percentage of germination of urediniospores was evaluated in water-agar medium 2% and the infection efficiency was assessed on grape leaves. It was estimated that urediniospores remained infective for until 133 days since the beginning of sporulation on leaves of plants that were kept in growth chamber, under controlled temperature and light conditions, without leaf wetness. However, under field conditions, the estimated infectivity of urediniospores was only 54 days on leaves kept attached to the plant until leaf drop. On leaves removed from plants at 10 days after inoculation and kept in the soil surface, the urediniospores remained infective for only 21 days. Additionally, it was found that urediniospores which were collected three days after the latent period and kept in Eppendorf tubes, without adding additives, showed 90% of reduction on infection efficiency during the 120-day storage period at the temperatures of -20ºC (freezer) and 25±2ºC (growth chamber). All treatments that were evaluated for breaking spore dormancy did small improvement of spore germination and infection efficiency. The assay with protective fungicides, carried out in growth chamber, with sprayings at 2, 5 or 8 days before rust inoculation, showed that potassium phosphyte was less efficient (25 to 64% control) compared with copper hydroxide (99% control) and tebuconazole (100% control), causing also reduction on urediniospore germination. The curative or erradicant fungicide trial, with sprayings at 2, 5 or 8 days before rust inoculation, showed that potassium phosphyte was less efficient (25 to 58% control) compared to copper hydroxide (40 to 60% control) and tebuconazole (100% control). Also, Potassium phosphyte and copper hydroxide treatments caused significant reduction on urediniospore viability, and the tebuconazole treatment stopped sporulation even by spraying at 8 days after inoculation.2009-01-01T00:00:00Z