Alternativas de espécies forrageiras de outono/inverno para a mesorregião noroeste do estado do Paraná

Abstract

The segment of the dairy industry has invested in high technological content, for increased quality forage production and consequently in response to milk production. The oat overseeded rye and ryegrass is one of the alternatives of providing better quality food for the animals in the dry season, enabling the use of pasture all year and maximizing milk production and consequently better yields Producer. In the management of this technique it is necessary to consider the physiological differences between species of tropical and temperate grasses, climate, irrigation and management. For such use of this technique, this study aimed to make use of forage temperate autumn-winter (ryegrass, oats and rye) overseeded in Tifton-85 grass (control), considered the current system on the property, to compare systems as the quality and quantity of forage and economic viability of the new system in place. The following factors/treatments were used: 1) Autumn-winter forage species in overseeded (Tifton-85; Oats, ryegrass, rye, rye + ryegrass); 2) Gypsum (with and without gypsum); 3) Irrigation (with and without irrigation). Treatments were applied on pasture consisting of Tifton-85, which was used as a control treatment. The experimental design was randomized blocks, factorial 5x2x2 and were evaluated the following response variables: 1) Dry matter production of the aerial part of fodder; 2) Crude protein; 3) Neutral Detergent Fiber. Held also in the field, a previous analysis of growth in order to study the behavior of forage species used in overseeded the different treatments mentioned. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and test the Scott-Knott method at 5% probability, analyzed by ASSISTAT program. In the non irrigated area condition, there was no difference in dry mass production among forages without gypsum application; Ryegrass and rye associated with ryegrass had the highest dry mass production when gypsum was applied to the soil. The best response of forage to the addition of gypsum was for the association of rye with ryegrass. There was no difference in crude protein and NDF content between the forages, either without or with gypsum applied to the soil. Rye without gypsum and the association of rye and ryegrass with gypsum obtained the highest estimates of milk production. In the irrigated area condition, there was no difference in dry mass production among the forages without the application of gypsum; When gypsum was added to the soil, the association of rye and ryegrass obtained the highest dry mass production. The forage that best answered the addition of gypsum was the association of rye with ryegrass. Tifton-85 showed the highest crude protein content in the gypsum system. There was no difference in NDF between the forages, both without and with gypsum applied to the soil. The highest estimates for milk production were for Tifton-85 without gypsum and for the association of rye with ryegrass without and with gypsum. Considering the economic aspects, there is support for the recommendation of overestimation of forages, in an irrigated or non-irrigated system, to increase the quantity and the quality of the forage supply and the milk production profitability in autumn-winter in the mesoregion of Northeastern Paraná, with emphasis on the association of rye and ryegrass.