Matéria seca de quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa WILLD) e disponibilidade de fósforo em latossolo vermelho distrófico após aplicação de lodo farmoquímico tratado com silicato e sulfato de cálcio

Abstract

Many industrial wastes have characteristics that allow its use as a soil conditioner and / or as sources of nutrients for plants, although many require pretreatments to overcome the effects of elements such as sodium and aluminum, like those generated by pharmaceutical chemicals industries. Our objectives were to evaluate the effect of organic wastes enriched with conditioners industrial chemicals and their effects on dry matter yield and nutrition of plants of economic interest, and the availability of phosphorus in Latosol. The experimental factorial design (triple) was conducted in a greenhouse comprising 11 treatments at doses of 40 and 80 Mg/ha, and soil (Oxisol) used pure. The treatments were a mix of pharma-chemical sludge (LF) in five different proportions of silicate or calcium sulfate (1:0.50, 1:0.75, 1:1.00, 1:1.50 and 1:2.00 equivalent dry mass), soil with LF and Oxisol. It was used as the quinoa plant. After 60 and 90 days after planting, the plants were harvested and analyzed different growth variables as well as the nutritional content of plant tissue, as well as chemical characterization of the soil after cultivation of quinoa and soil incubated with LF-treated silicate and sulfate calcium in the presence and absence of calcium chloride. The results showedthat both the silicate and calcium sulfate were effective in complexation and precipitation of Al3+ present in the LF, respectively, resulting in values of dry weight of shoots (DMAP), dry weight of the tassel (MSP) and total dry mass(MST) similar; silicate and sulfate anions were efficient in the detoxification ofthe LF present in the formation of ionic pairs implying that silicate may replace sulfate in the detoxification of Al3+ and Na+; F without addition of sulfate or silicate calcium was ineffective as a chemical conditioner for the cultivation of quinoa. The silicate was more effective in reducing PO4 3- adsorption by the saturation of adsorption sites at the expense of the effect of increasing soil pH.