Tipologia de parcela e gestão da superfície forrageira em sistemas de produção leiteiros da agricultura familiar

Abstract

The objective of this work to understand the management practices of Abstract: The objective of this work to understand the management practices of forage in dairy production systems with a focus on physical characteristics and management practices, there were 20 semi-structured interviews with producers of milk, using a questionnaire tab for management practices and functional use of the plots. For the physical portions of the forage system were visited (120) and measured size, distance from the center of management and altitude to calculate the slope. To obtain explanatory variables we used five approaches towards construction practices in order to obtain an understanding of the management of forage and the influence of physical characteristics on autonomy in management. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with 9 original variables grouped two dimensions with an explained variance of 68.36% and eigenvalues of 3.543 (dimension 1, x axis) and 2.609 (2 extent, y-axis) and characterized the occupation of the axes owned by the forage and technological level of the plots (x axis) and intensification of cows per forage area (y axis). The logic of the management of forage observed in ACP revealed that larger farms have a higher number of installments, but such portions are smaller in size and in proportion to the size of the property, compared with properties of smaller sizes. It was possible to reduce the 120 plots studied in five groups using the ACHA (Ascending Hierarchical Classification Analysis). The strategies observed in the analysis of cluster aggregation of parcels forming production systems showed that there is an increase in the size of properties for better supply of MS to the flock (CL1 plots "smaller portions and lower capacity of mechanization" and CL4 "Stepping management of forage plots without the breakdown by category of animal ") and compensation in the flat areas of the property by the formation of plots typically CL4, which are characterized by receiving a high degree of intensification of management and best forage species. On the contrary, it was observed that properties that do not have any limitation as to the slope; increase the intensity of cows per unit forage, but simplifies the management using the same treatment for all treatments. The types of plots showed the diversity configuration of the portions of dairy production system (SPL) and noted that since the physical factors of the environment to the production structure and level of joint developments show the need to formulate different technological packages and tailored to each system, so that plots located in areas with high incidence of slope have less leeway for implementation of agricultural technologies.