Inquérito coproparasitológico e ambiental da terra indígena Apucarana-Paraná, Brasil

Abstract

The indigenous population Kaingáng, Indigenous Apucarana (AIL) due to high incidence of intestinal parasites and scarce resources, socioeconomic, was he justified this study. The objective was to determine the parasites occurrence of and intensity of infection, spatial distribution in the environment and provide specific measures for the control. From November 2010 to June 2011, indigenous feces were analyzed by the technique of Kato & Katz and TF-Test®, Faust modified and Lutz/Hoffman, Pons and Jane, to analyze the peridomicile of soil from 10 homes (randomly selected) in each season, totaling 40 houses and 600 soil samples. A questionnaire about housing and hygiene conditions was given to the householder. Geostatistical analysis was performed to determine the spatial distribution of infected individuals. Of the total of 1,426 inhabitants, 680 (47.7%) were examined. The overall positivity of intestinal parasites was 67.2%, and the species found were Ascaris lumbricoides (48.8%), Trichuris trichiura (44.7%) and Entamoeba coli (32.5%). High intensity of infection was recorded in 3.6% of the population analyzed. The occurrence in the soil was 23.8% and the most occurring were Entamoeba spp., Ascaris spp. and Ancylostomatoidea egg. In all seven collected water points were within the allowed physical-chemical standards were not disclosed oo(cyst)s of Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. Potability of water, only one of those had appropriate microbiological conditions for human consumption. During the winter there was a higher contamination of soil (STH) and less during the summer. However, there was no difference of parasite occurrences between the distances (up to 1 m, between 1 and 5 m over 5 m) of peridomicile. Data from fecal and environmental survey revealed that 216 families interviewed lived in homes with a high agglomeration rate (an average of 5.1 residents and <2/4 per family). The average number of species per individual presented spatial heterogeneity with the highest values (&#8805; 0.8) in areas with high congestion residences. AIL is a community with a high rate of infections enteroparasites low intensity that require such control measures as well as health education activities, expansion and maintenance of sanitary improvements, anthelmintic periodic treatment, especially for children of school age they live in areas of the village houses with large clusters.