Fatores de risco associados à doença arterial coroniana em mulheres submetidas a procedimentos cardiológicos invasivos

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases have increased around the world. Female sex gender is underrepresented in researches because of the risk of factors, which present different impact between genders. Several factors have contributed for increasing the incidence, such as smoking, hypertension, obesity, a sedentary lifestyle, ageing. Besides all those factors, the signs and symptoms are not specific for women as well, there is not specific test for diagnosis, decreasing the chances of early treatment and raising mortality rates. The objective of this study was to analyze the factors that lead women with coronary artery disease to be submitted to cardiac intervention and progressing to invasive treatment or not, and its outcome characterizing these women according to socio economic, demographic and clinical and identifying the factors risk for cardiovascular diseases. It was evaluated 626 female patients whose average age was about 62.48 years old, all them were referred by performing catheterism procedure at the cardiologic reference hospital in Maringa-Pr. Medical records were analyzed to correlated risk factors to undergone treatment, either invasive or not. Among 626 women, 61.3% were over 60 years old; 66% had cardiovascular disease family history; 55.3% were overweight; 90.4% systemic arterial hypertension (SAH), 28% diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (MD), 79.9% sedentary lifestyle. About percutaneous revascularization (PRT), prevalence (p < 0,001) among obese woman. Diabetes and sedentary lifestyle (p<0,002) and for myocardial revascularization (MR), systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) (p = 0, 03), MD (p <0,001) and sedentary lifestyle (p< 0,001). The present study pointed to high prevalence of risk factors and to the need of preventive medicine care, considering that the number of women presenting cardiovascular diseases has increased significantly. Women over 60 years old are more likely to present cardiovascular diseases and its respective invasive treatment. Obese, diabetic and sedentary women had most frequently performed by angioplasty and those women presenting hypertension, diabetic and sedentary lifestyle had performed by myocardial revascularization, using a low quantity of drugs.