Realização de mamografia e exame colpocitológico : um estudo de base populacional em um município do Noroeste do Paraná

Abstract

Brazil has changing significantly its profile of the population morbimortality due to various social and economic transformations. The infectious and parasitic diseases are being surpassed by non-transmissible chronic diseases (NTCDs). Due to their high prevalence, morbimortality and its risk factors, currently it needs attention in the context of public health. Among the group of NTCDs, neoplasms are among the main priorities of the Action Plan of the Ministry of Health. Considering the relevance of the information that were presented, the highest incidence of neoplasms among women were the theme of this study, such as breast cancer and uterine cervix, as well as factors which are associated with mammography and Papsmear, arranged in two (2) studies. The aim of the first study was to analyze the prevalence and factors associated with mammography and Pap smear in women from Maringa, Paraná. It is a transversal study with population through household survey. For analysis of Pap smears monitoring, data from women aged 20 or more (345) were used. A lower prevalence of realization of the Pap test was found for single (p <0.01) and divorced / separated / widowed women (p = 0.01). After logistic regression analysis, it was associated with Pap smear testing according to education, in which educated women with 9-11 years were less likely to perform this test. To mammography monitoring respective data of women older than 40 years (268) were used. It was done in an inferior way to single women (p <0.01) and those without private health insurance (p <0.01). According to mammography exam, after logistic regression analysis, the fact that women do not have private health insurance, reduced the chances of doing the exam. About the prevalence, 84.6% of women underwent Pap smear and 74.3% mammography. The reflections about this situation and its prospects are fundamental to propose strategies for health promotion, surveillance, prevention and attention. According to the second study, prevalence and factors that are associated with lack of mammograms among women in the postmenopausal period, 456 women aged 45 to 69 years were interviewed. In the last two years, the calculated prevalence of mammography as it is shown through the sample to Maringá, viewing the number of women according to IBGE, it was 72.8% women. We could find statistical associations among non-achievement mammography exam andeducation level below seven years of study, paid employment, inactivity, smoking, women who do not use hormone replacement therapy, without consulting a doctor in the last year, without consulting gynecologist, without family history breast cancer, without Pap smear and clinical breast examination, and other who have not difficulty in accessing health services. After logistic regression analysis, non-achievement mammography, the reporting of fair and poor health and without comorbidities were associated. The data of the study reveal the "responsible" factors why women do not having a mammogram, which contribute to the improvement / enhancement of the health aspects of women in menopause. Considering the proportion in the exams, we can notice the importance of public policy issues that are aggravating the health of the female population from Maringá, Paraná.