Ronco habitual e apneia obstrutiva do sono relacionados aos fatores de risco cardiovascular em adultos

Abstract

Habitual snoring (HS) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are considered the main respiratory sleep disorders. Individuals suffering from these problems usually are deprived of sleep time and quality, resulting in adverse effects on physical and social health. The frequency of these issues has been relevant but often unknown, and therefore undiagnosed. The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of HS and high risk for OSA, as well as their association with risk factors and cardiovascular morbidities. A total of 413 individuals were interviewed and evaluated using an instrument adapted from questionnaires previously used and applied to investigate cardiovascular health and identify sleep problems. The results showed that 53.0% of individuals had HS, 24.2% were classified as having high risk for OSA, 22.8% showedboth problems, 44.3% had poor sleep quality or sleep disorders, 32.5% had excessive daytime sleepiness, and 13.1% had all four alterations. With regard to treatment, over 90.0% of those who featured any of the studied behaviors had not had or sought professional evaluation or assistance. HS and high risk of OSA showed a statistically significant association with smoking, alcohol abuse, inadequate diet, altered anthropometric measurements, and diseases of the upper airway. There were also associations between subjective sleep alterations and anthropometric measurements - abdominal and cervical circumference -, respiratorymorbidities, nighttime occurrences - long pauses in breathing, sweating, agitation during sleep - and other complaints such as difficulty with attention and concentration, and dyspnea. It was concluded that attention is required regarding the problems studied herein, as the population seems not to know the importance of these aspects for overall health and their relation to health complications.