Incidência de deficiências nutricionais e níveis de atividade física em obesos e em indivíduos submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica

Abstract

Obesity has become a major public health problem, with an amazing increase in the last three decades. Among the types of treatments performed in relation to morbid obesity, bariatric surgery (CB) has been considered the most effective tool. However, to promote extensive changes in the gastrointestinal tract CB increases the risk of nutrient deficiencies. On the other hand, the regular physical activity (AF) may contribute to the maintenance of muscle mass and hence promote improvements in overall health. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the incidence of nutritional deficiencies in obese individuals (nonoperated) and in patients who underwent the surgical treatment of obesity, and a description of their physical activity levels. This work was part of a larger project conducted by the Multidisciplinary Center for Studies of Obesity, by using the database query method for its construction. Evaluations were carried out in body composition, biochemical and urine tests and questionnaires to collect information. Constituted 156 individuals, 38 of the non-operated group (NO), 95 operated by the Unified Health System (SUS) and 23 operated health plans or own ends (SAS). When we analyzed the biochemical variables, the NO group already had nutritional deficiencies of urinary calcium, serum iron, magnesium and ferritin. The SUS group had deficiencies of calcium, phosphorus and serum iron, urinary calcium, magnesium, ferritin and vitamin B12. Since the SAS group had deficiencies of total protein, urinary calcium, serum iron, magnesium, folic acid and ferritin. In the analysis by time of surgery, was present in all individuals, regardless of the weather, the folic acid group SUS disabilities and SAS group serum calcium and vitamin B12. As for physical activity, most studied part both in leisure and in work activity modalities considered sedentary or moderately active. In association attempt of physical activity variable with nutritional deficiencies, the only significant data was compared ferritin in physical activity, where regular exercise group showed ferritin above the recommended values when compared to the sedentary group and moderate exercise. All other comparisons did not obtain significant difference. Therefore, it is important to follow up individuals to verify the changes of weight over the years. However, for the effect of weight loss happen to ensure the health and nutritional status after surgery is very important nutritional monitoring both preoperatively and in the postoperative period.