Influência dos treinamentos aeróbio, resistido e concorrente sobre o browning do tecido adiposo branco

Abstract

White fat cells are specialized in storing lipids, without this being detrimental to their functional integrity, while only the brown cells have an additional ability to dissipate energy as heat through the action of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) located within the the inner mitochondrial membrane (JONG et al., 2015). Subsequently, there were several evidence for cells that naturally express UCP1, but had intermediate phenotype between white and brown cells, so called beige adipocytes (Wu et al., 2012). This intermediate phenotype was called browning due to transdifferentiation of white adipocytes, which took the brown adipocytes characteristics, where recent data suggest that this expression increases after aerobic training (BOSTRÖM et al., 2013). However, little is known as exercise and its various types contribute to the modulation of UCP1 expression in originally white or beige cells. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the influence of aerobic physical training, weathered and competitor on the browning of white adipose tissue, subcutaneous (inguinal) and visceral (retroperitoneal). For this, we used 120 mice of the Swiss strain, male, with 35 days of life, who performed aerobic, resistance training and concurrent, 5 times a week over 8 weeks. After the training protocol, euthanasia of the animals was performed to collect the inguinal and retroperitoneal adipose deposits were weighed and analyzed by immunohistochemical techniques for the analysis of protein expression of UCP1 and qPCR for quantification of RNA messengers of UCP1, CD137 , TMEM26 and EVA1. The normality of the data was verified by the Shapiro-Wilk test. The test one-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc was used when the assumed homogeneity of the data and the Kruskal-Wallis test was used when denied the resemblance. The significance adopted was P <0.05. An increase of the protein expression of UCP1 in inguinal adipose tissue in aerobic training group of 150.7% in the subcutaneous tissue and visceral tissue to 250%, both compared to sedentary group (p <0.05). The resistance training induced a significant increase in the expression of UCP1 protein in both adipose tissue, with about 152% to 263% for subcutaneous and visceral deposit, compared to sedentary animals (p <0.05). Finally, the CD137 gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue, phenotypic marker beige cells, increased 730.29% in the group aerobic, 294.37% 1878.23% in resistance and the concurrent group. As for the visceral region increased by 339.25% for aerobic group, 557.61% for the resistance group and 54.59% for the concurrent group, all compared to the sedentary group. Therefore, the expression of UCP1 seemed to us dependent tissue, and more responsive to resistance training. Increased gene expression of CD137 in the trained groups suggests greater presence of beige cells in the white adipose tissue.