Treinamento aeróbio nos genitores reduz adiposidade da prole

Abstract

The growth and development of animals is affected in several ways. Studies have sought evidences pointing to environmental, genetic and perinatal contributions as justification to these changes. The parents play a fundamental biological role in developing and metabolic programming of their offspring. Physical training is another environmental stimulus, which affect multiple systems throughout the body, being able to induce generational changes. Thus, the objective of the present study was to determine the effect of physical training performed by parents on the development of offspring adiposity. 32 mice were used, distributed according to sex (16 males and 16 females) and divided into 4 groups: sedentary males, trained males, sedentary females, and trained females, eight animals per group. The trained groups have undergone an aerobic training protocol on treadmill lasting seven weeks (1 week of adaptation, 6 weeks of training). Afterwards the protocol, mating and subsequent pregnancy in females occurred. After birth the following groups were formed: S (Parents), T (Offspring from Trained Parents), ST (Offspring from Sedentary Father and Trained Mother) and TS (Offspring from Trained Father and Sedentary Mother). Following 21 days the offspring was euthanized and blood and white and brown adipose tissues harvested and processed. Samples of mesenteric and inguinal tissue were used to obtain isolated adipocytes by the collagenase method. The cell suspension was placed on slides and 50 histological images captured in an optical microscope. Subsequently, the average diameter of the adipocytes was determined by randomly measuring 100 adipocytes per animal. Brown adipose tissue samples were fixed, dehydrated, cleared and embedded in paraffin to perform histological semi series cuts of 3 mm thick, for staining with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) for analysis of the general morphology of the tissue. After analyzing the data, it was denoted that there was a significant difference between the weight of mesenteric fat pad in young females and Lee index in male offspring; also consistently observed on T pup group when compared to the other groups (p<0.05). Regarding the diameter of mesenteric and inguinal adipose tissue adipocytes, T group showed an average diameter lower than the others in both sexes (p<0.05). The analysis aP2 protein expression in S group presented a higher expression in relation to other groups, both in females as in males. Thus, we conclude that physical training performed by parents was effective to reduce adiposity of their offspring.