Programa multiprofissional de tratamento da obesidade (PMTO) em adolescentes : efeitos de exercícios físicos em ambiente terrestre e aquático sobre a qualidade de vida e aptidão física relacionada à saúde

Abstract

To verify the impact of physical exercises in different environments on a multidisciplinary program of obesity treatment (MPOT) on health-related physical fitness in adolescents. A total of 151 overweight and obese adolescents aged between 10 and 18 years were allocated in three groups. Fifty seven were placed in the land-based intervention group (LIG), 28 were placed in the water-based intervention group (WIG) and 66 in the control group (CG). It was evaluated before and after 16 weeks of the intervention, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), pubertal development, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), relative fat mass (RFM), absolute fat mass (AFM), lean mass (LM), flexibility, abdominal strength and endurance, cardio respiratory fitness and health-related quality of life. For the 151 adolescents in the baseline, it was not observed any significant difference between the three groups for all the anthropometric variables and physical fitness related to health, with the exception of the relative fat mass. The LIG showed improvement for the variables BMI, BMI Z score and WC, with trivial effect size. Similarly, the WIG showed improvements for BMI, BMI score Z and HC. In CG, it was not observed the same changes as in the intervention groups, where it was identified only an increase in the weight. The relative effect of intervention on the anthropometric variables showed improvements of LIG compared to CG, and improvements for the variables VO2max, abdominal strength and endurance, flexibility, relative fat mass, absolute fat mass and lean mass. The CG showed increase in the abdominal strength and endurance, flexibility and lean mass. For health-related quality of life. For health-related quality of life, LIG presented improvements for physical, social, psychosocial and total domains. The WIG presented improvements only for physical domain. In CG, no domains changed during the intervention. The relative effect of the intervention on HRQoL was higher for LIG compared to WIG in relation to CG. Sixteen weeks of a MPOT provided positive changes in health-related physical fitness and health-related quality of life in adolescents for both LIG and WIG with no difference between groups for physical fitness and greater improvements in quality of life for LIG in relation to WIG.