Diagnósticos de enfermagem e fatores associados no puerpério imediato de mulheres internadas em hospital no sul do país

Abstract

Pregnancy and motherhood are important events in women's lives; however such events can cause physical and emotional changes, making them sometimes vulnerable. The postnatal or puerperal period is the stage when the woman's body undergoes several local and systemic changes to return to pre-pregnancy status, besides demanding a psychical effort generated by the need to adjust to both, the real child and changes in the family structure. In light of this series of events that arise at this so unique moment of women's health, that is, the immediate postnatal period, the use of the Systematization of Nursing Assistance (SAE), and more specifically, the Nursing Diagnosis (DE), offers a standardized approach understood as a way to investigate and interpret the needs, concerns or health problems. In addition, there is still the decision to act and plan a congruent care to the needs of these women. To analyze the nursing diagnoses and the sociodemographic obstetric gynecologic characteristics in women considering the immediate hospital postnatal period contest. A cross-sectional observational investigative study with 328 women in the immediate hospital postnatal period. The descriptive statistical analysis of frequencies and percentages was used, besides Pearson's chi-square test for the statistical analysis of the associations among the variables; and the relationship significance with p <0.05. NANDA-I Taxonomy II was also used. Acute pain, anxiety, impaired tissue integrity, risk of infection, dysfunctional gastrointestinal motility, impaired sleep standard and ineffective breastfeeding were seen in over 50% of these women. Along years of study, the DE of the breastfeeding process showed a significant association with the number of prenatal visits, childbirth complications and a high risk during pregnancy. It is necessary to review the prenatal nursing interventions, enhance interpersonal relationships between the nurse and the woman throughout her pregnancy and puerperal period in this humane and inclusive approach in order to provide a quality care, in addition to a conscious behavior change of these women to optimize their own health, and ultimately of their family as well.