Ações para o enfrentamento da obesidade e sobrepeso em crianças e adolescentes nos municípios da 15ª Regional de Saúde do Estado do Paraná

Abstract

Overweight has been considered a serious public health problem. Its prevalence has shown fast growth, including in children and adolescents, affecting the morbidity rates associated with weight gain. Thus, the main objectives of the study were: to analyze the distribution of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents in primary care in the municipalities of the 15th Paraná Health Regional, during 2008 to 2013; identify the actions and strategies of promotion of physical activity / body practices implemented in selected municipalities; associate the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents investigated the actions of promotion of physical activity practices identified. The study was conducted in two methodological aspects: a cross-sectional quantitative and qualitative, performed in the municipalities of the 15th Paraná Health Regional. Data were collected between April to June 2014, through visits to municipalities, using a script of objective questions and consultation to public reports of overweight SISVAN system, obesity and severe obesity. The results showed that initially (2008) adolescents were with the lowest prevalence in relation to children (24 and 31% respectively), but in 2013 the children are 40% and adolescents 43%. The amount of health promotion initiatives implemented in the municipalities in relation to physical activity ranged from 35% to 80%, the most of the municipalities (20) develops between 41 and 60% of these actions and the minority (6 municipalities) develops from 61 to 80%. It is noteworthy also that none of the municipalities surveyed developed more than 80% of the recommended actions. When checked the HP actions developed in municipalities and overweight rates found in them, it was found that both municipalities had excess levels of weight in children or adolescents below the median, as in the group of municipalities that had above the median ratios, the amount of developed HP activities were an important variation. It showed also a marked similarity between the municipalities of different groups or non-homogeneity of the groups, featuring so that municipalities with different rates of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents develop similar actions of HP. The Health Program at School (PSE) stood out in relation to health promotion of intersectoral actions aimed to children and adolescents. The study findings lead to the need to reflect on the role played by all sectors, and on the performance of each of the professionals in this network, in search of a more participatory management and strengthening the principles of interdisciplinarity, recognizing the structural obstacles, human and logistical that still persist in the context of HP by the children's clientele, as starting points for finding solutions to a healthier lifestyle, with a view to greater quality of life for future generations.