A evolução das práticas educativas em saúde : um caminho para superação de saberes e práticas

Abstract

Education and health are social practices. In Brazil, education and health are a constitutional achievement, inserted in the 1988 Constitution, which expresses the health sector allocations in the education of professionals and in the education of the community, following the National Health System guidelines, in order to enhance the integration and effectiveness of education, various policies, programs and health actions have been assembled, making education and health a constant construction. In this regard, outline the historical profile of educational practices a pole city of a region, such as the focus of this work, it was significant due to the significant population group involved and the possible influence on the macro-region. Also, the education and health actions impact on health work and resonate in health care. Their effectiveness; however, depends on how it is designed and built by the municipality. Thus, this study aimed to analyzing the historical evolution of educational practices in health developed in a municipality located in the northwest of the State of Parana, Brazil, from 2006 to 2015. There was applied social research, of a qualitative, descriptive and exploratory character, developed in a health pole city located northwest of the State of Parana. The collection and analysis of data is given by two techniques: documentary research, with 47 documents of municipal management; and interviews with 16 local health managers. The data were discussed in the light of the premises of Freire and Gramsci, contemporary historical-materialists, with regard to the hegemony, counter-hegemony, liberation, dialog and questioning skills on health and health education. The research was conducted following all applicable ethical rules, according to Resolution 466/2012 of the National Health Council thus it has favorable opinion of the Standing Committee on Ethics in Research Involving Human Beings of the State University of Maringa (Number: 897 950 / 2014 - CAAE: 38820914.4.0000.0104) and the competent body of the Municipal Health Secretariat, the participants expressed accepted through free and informed consent. Data analysis revealed the development of hegemonic educational practices, following the characteristics of banking education, either with professionals - to be skilled on health - as with the population - health education. However, movements stimulated by policies, health and actions programs developed by the Union and the State are inserting counter-hegemonic dialogicity, the questioning and the release in educational practices. We conclude that the municipality is in a shy moment of transition of educational models, most focused on planning actions than properly on the construction of health educational practices