Desafios diante do processo de estomização : perspectivas para o cuidado em enfermagem

Abstract

People with ostomy experience multidimensional transformations in their daily life, which brings repercussions for their life quality. These people are surrounded by complex changes that emerge in the physical, mental, spiritual, social and family life, affecting the process of adaptation before the ostomy. ln order for a reframing of identity and improving of daily satisfaction to happen, it is necessary that the nurse first, optimize the acceptance of the people with ostomy to the presence of the collector bag and to their new condition, by means of self-care. This research aimed to uncover aspects that were experienced in the daily life of ostomy patients. A mixed research was conducted qualitative and quantity approach guided by oral history from the perspective of Meihy was performed. For the identification of the subjects, the Ostomy and Wound Care Medical Ambulatory in a Regional Health Post in Southem Brazil was used. The collaborators were ten people with recent ostomy and nine relatives. Data collection occurred from December 2013 to May 2014. The dialogues were recorded, transcribed and then analyzed using the qualitative analysis of Bardin. From the theoretical foundation and the analysis of the data, four articles were prepared, the first: "The adaptations experienced by the person with ostomy: an integrative review of the literature",the second, "The changes in the everyday life of a person with ostomy"; the third, "Enabling self-care: information provided to the family and to the patients with ostomy by the healthcare team and its practical application", and the fourth, "From coping to adaptation: the patients with ostomy in the pursuit of life quality." It was found that the person with ostomy faces diverse and distinct changes in their daily lives, for instance in the scope of family, work and leisure, sexuality, dressing and food habits, thus bypassing a mood of denial, anger and depression, which with the help of spirituality, family support and nursing, he can readjust his routine, so the better the acceptance, more concrete will be his adaptation to the new condition of life. ln this sense, the approach of nursing should be individualized, with a holistic view of the person who is receiving the care, always stressing the important role of the family for coping, implementing joint actions throughout the process of the ostomy treatment, and encouraging self-care so the ostomy patient can have a better life quality. Emphasizin g the importance of investing in the preparation of future nurses, as well as continuing education of professionals who work daily with the individual ostomy patients and their families.