Do invisível ao visível : assédio moral e o trabalho do enfermeiro

Abstract

In recent years, profound changes in the productive areas, turned the work environments increasingly favorable to violence situations, especially in the health sector. Although several studies have demonstrated the vulnerability of nurses face psychological harassment (AM), many professionals have ignored, accepted and reproduced this type of behavior as part of organizational culture. Seeking more detailed information to better plan and act in solving this problem, the aim with this study was to identify nurses who are victims of bullying, more frequent abuse behaviors and socio-demographic and occupational aspects involved. This is a descriptive-exploratory-transversal study. The sample consisted on 209 nurses from Maringá- PR, from the public sector (45.93%), private one (39.71%) and both sectors (14.35%). To data collect was used an electronic questionnaire, in the World Wide Web, and a printed one (12,44%), in the period from May to September 2010. Respectively 87,56% and 12,44% of the participants. A socio-demographic-occupational questionnaire, developed exclusively for this research, and Leymann Invenctory Psychological Terrorization (LIPT-45) were used. Under the Leymann criteria, results showed that 11.48% of the subjects were victims of bullying in the last 12 months. When considering the individuals subjective perception related to feel harassed at work, 28.23% admitted they were victims. Among the more reported bullying conducts, stood out: "They question the decisions you make" (25.36%); "You get verbal attacks criticizing the done work" (16.75%); "You are monitored or they monitor your work maliciously" (13.88%); "You are the target of rumors or slander" (13.4%). There was statistically significant association between having more than one job, area and sector of professional performance, turn, currently still experience some form of harassment conduct at work, number of abusers, offenders sex, testify colleagues being bullying victims and feel bullying himself. As logistic regression for bullying associated factors, it was identified: to have child(ren) and only one job; working for less than three years in the institution; to face, currently, one or more bullying conducts; to feel morally harassed, work at the hospital area in the private sector. These results highlighted the work environment and interpersonal relationship as important factors to determinate the occurrence of the phenomenon, because the associated factors were predominantly occupational. The logistic regression model for bullying showed good predictive value. Due to the model high capacity to identify nurses as bullying victims, it is expected that this work will serve as a subsidy for managers, human resources staff and nurses in the identification of vulnerable populations. This will make it possible to preserve this population through the adoption of strategic measures to prevent and contain a highly degrading violence of the work environment.