Infecção por Staphylococcus aureus em um hospital universitário

Abstract

Prevention, surveillance and control of infections must be a part of healthprofessionals' formation, thus enabling adequate assistance to preventproliferation. Staphylococcus sp. is relevant due to its pathogenicity. Theseorganisms have become pathogenic throughout the time, due to constant andimproper use of antimicrobial and antiseptic agents, physiological barriers fissureby invasive procedures, immunodepression, and also by the organism's survivalneeds within a hostile environment. Cross infections exist since the Middle Ages,but it was only recognized as a public health issue in the 1950's, when it wasaddressed in scientific events and international organizations. Considering theimportance of the subject the purpose of this research was to identify theepidemiologic profile of isolated Staphylococcus aureus lineages from patients of auniversity hospital in Northwestern Paraná. A total of 129 samples from differentisolation sites were analyzed. Seventy-five samples were identified composing agroup of clonal isolates, divided into 20 groups (A to S). The presence of mecAgene was observed in 98% of the ORSA (Oxacillin Resistant Staph aureus)samples and in 2% of the non-ORSA samples. It was also observed the presenceof icaA/D gene in 74% of the ORSA samples and in 87% of non-ORSA samples.Resistance rate was of 20.3%. The drugs of higher resistance rates were enicillin (93.5%) and oxacillin (45.6%). Responsiveness of 100% was observed forlinezolid (100%) and 99.2% for vancomycin. The sector with the highestprevalence of oxacillin (36.5%) and penicillin (27.1%) resistance was the adultICU, followed by the pediatric ICU with 14% penicillin and 28.6% oxacillin resistantsamples. Penicillin and oxacillin were the antimicrobial agents to which the eisolatespresented larger percentile of resistance. The adult and pediatric Intensive CareUnits were the sections where it was detected larger percentile of isolates resistantto penicillin and oxacillin. There were no corresponding relations between genetictesting / sectors and/or time of collection. There was a high prevalence ofresistance to oxacillin, as well as homogeneity in the genotypic profile of thesamples. The results showed that there was no association between the genotypicprofile and entrainment of genes codifiers of virulence factors.