Prevalência de microrganismos e sensibilidade antimicrobiana de culturas procedentes de pacientes de um hospital escola do noroeste do Paraná

Abstract

Health care aims the recovering of an aggravation, although it may present health risks resulting, for example, in iatrogenic effects such as infections. In this perspective, it is very important to understand the epidemiology of infections in each hospital with the purpose to develop specific prevention and treatment. This studys objective has been to analyze the prevalence of microorganisms and antimicrobial sensitivity in cultures coming from patients at a teaching hospital in northwestern Paraná. This is a cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach using 2027 cultures of clinical samples collected from patients treated at the Regional University Hospital of Maringá, from December of 2010 to June of 2013, registered in the database of the clinical analysis laboratory in the institution. This data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, through absolute and relative frequency in categorical variables. To determine the association between the results the chi-square tests with Yates correction were used, Pearson chi-square test and Fisher exact. The data were presented in graphics and tables. The results have showed that the main microorganisms found in the institution were Staphylococcus sp. (27.7%), Escherichia sp. (16.3%), Klebsiella producer of carbapenemase (14.4%), Pseudomonas sp. (9.0%) and Klebsiella sp. (7.8%). The main sites of infection were the bloodstream (32.2%), urinary tract (26.2%) and respiratory tract (12.5%). Samples were found in Staphylococcus sp. with multiple resistance to antimicrobials routinely used in clinical practice, including oxacillin. Regarding the general sensitivity profile of the pathogens studied it is essential to proceed tests to laboratory in order to obtain epidemiological data to guide treatment, thus avoiding the indiscriminate and inappropriate use of antimicrobials and hindering the emergence of resistance. Since bacterial resistance is considered a challenge to public health and it is directly related to morbidity and mortality of the patient, from the hospital stay to the treatment costs the findings of this study reinforce the importance of monitoring the distribution of infection cases having the intention to reduce their incidences