Intelecto e vontade na constituição do livre-arbítrio em Tomás de Aquino

Abstract

The theme of freedom has been studied in patristic and medieval period from the concept of "free will", which becomes an outstanding idea, especially from Augustine. This study aims to research how is the participation of the intellect and the will in the formation of free will according to Thomas Aquinas as expressed in its most important work, the Summa Theologica, especially in Question 83, the First Party in Question 13, the first part of the second part and in Question 06 of the disputed issues over evil. From this discussion we try to understand what is free will, if there are differences between freedom and free will, if so, what are and also how stands the Angelic Doctor on the ethical attitudes more intellectualist or proactive. We present the first chapter of this dissertation some ideas of Thomas Aquinas anthropology as it is in human nature, composed of soul and body, that articulate important concepts by which we can understand the human being who thinks, wills and acts. Thus, it is within Questions 82 and 83, subject of our second chapter, we cover the appetitive, sensitive and intellective powers, for there we talk about free will. The third chapter will deal with the problem of choice (electio) from two Thomas texts: Question 13 of the Press Secundae the Summa Theologica and Question 6 De Malo, privileged place of Aquinas's work to address the issue freedom and its relation to the intellect.