Análise da vulnerabilidade ambiental na bacia hidrográfica dos Baixotes - SP

Abstract

Anthropogenic occupation in river basins generally accelerates diversification and diversified environmental impacts due to the complexity of this system when unbalanced. Due to this, they become an increasing object of investigations of researchers and public managers, through systemic analyzes that can point out the vulnerability and / or environmental fragility of these watersheds. The main objective of this research was to map and analyze the environmental vulnerability in the Baixotes stream basin, which includes the municipalities of Birigui, Braúna, Brejo Alegre and Coroados located in the Western Region of the State of São Paulo, to Three different scenarios (2001, 2009 and 2016). The results showed that the use of geotechnology was extremely important in the creation of the synthesis chart, because it has the capacity to process and relate all the data. The attribute that had the greatest interference in the analysis of the environmental vulnerability was the land use, and the other attributes that complement the analysis, according to the methodology used was pedology (soil type), geology (rock type), geomorphology Declivity) and the climate, because they presented a certain homogeneity throughout the watershed, these attributes did not interfere significantly in the final result. In this context, although the research has reached the proposed objectives, these were not totally satisfactory, since they did not correspond to the whole dynamics of the hydrographic basin studied. It was observed that the methodology did not respond adequately in areas that present great homogeneity, which made attributes such as climatic conditions, soils, reliefs and rocky substratum were masked by land use. It was necessary to adapt the model used or in the future to formulate a new model of environmental vulnerability that responds to small hydrographic basins; First, second and third order; That contains homogeneity in the attributes of the physical medium.