Desenvolvimento e aplicação de metodologia para a análise da vulnerabilidade socioambiental à cidade de Cascavel - Paraná

Abstract

The urban area reflects the social structure, which being divided into classes, also produces a divided area characterized by different uses of land and land covers and by the socio-spatial segregation. The risk and environmental degradation areas are, most of the times, areas of poverty and socialdeprivation, what makes the studies with socio-environmental focus relevant. For this reason, it is important to identify and discuss which social, economic and environmental indicators better enable these studies. With the survey and analysis of the indicators and the most used methodologies for the socio-environmental assessment of the demographic space, it was realized that several socio-environmental studies developed in urban areas have been backed by the category of vulnerability. Therefore, the main purpose of this work was to develop and apply a methodology of analysis and mapping of the socioenvironmental vulnerability of Cascavel city - Parana. The choice of the city of Cascavel derives from the fact of being the biggest city in the western region of Parana, but also for presenting issues involving social and environmental aspects. For the development of the work, it has been initially selected 168 variables th t have gone through a compilation process, through which they wereconverted into 25 indicators. Since those indicators are of a varied nature and use different measurement units, it was necessary to match such information through the application of the Fuzzy logic, in which all indicators were converted into degrees of vulnerability between 0 (more vulnerable) and 1 (less vulnerable). On the software Arcgis® 9.3, the indicators were individually mapped, and later on, through the attribution of weights, they gave rise to four charts of dimensions of vulnerability (socioeconomic, sanitation and urban equipment, environmental and housing). The development of the charts of dimensions of vulnerability allowed the making of the synthesis chart of socio-environmental vulnerability for Cascavel city, composed of five classes: Low, Middle - Low, Middle, Middle - High, High socio-environmental vulnerability.