A doença como possibilidade de privação do poder-ser do Dasein

Abstract

This is a theoretical-conceptual study founded on the ontological phenomenology of Martin Heidegger to understand how this philosophical scope can contribute to the understanding of the phenomenon health/disease. Aims to discuss the disease as a possible deprivation of "being-there" of Dasein. Dasein is the entity that takes precedence before all other entities, since it is its peculiarity of the being man's inherent possibilities. Moreover, considering the man as the one who is in the encounter with the world and with other men the disease is something that deserves attention, because the pattern of being/to be sick is revealed comprehensively in the existentiality. Additionally, we search to understand how the disease can establish itself as something that deprives man of his fundamental condition of openness for being, and its consequent repercussions. For this reason, we went in search about the origin of the deprivation's concept, first used by the theologian and philosopher St. Augustine. However, the first to use the concept of disease as the health deprivation was Martin Heidegger. He was influenced by St. Augustine and applied this concept to develop their understanding about the meaning of health and disease for Dasein. Furthermore, during the study we also present the conceptions of the disease in the historic course in order to counter the ontology of its own to Heidegger's ontology. Also, we are relying on the understanding of suffering as expressed by Roberto Passos Nogueira, a Brazilian scholar of Heidegger's work, for clarification and expansion of the deprivation's concept. As a result of this analysis, we can consider that the disease clears the way for the manifestation of the fundamental anguish before the finitude which calls Dasein to its own more potential. The disease request that the Dasein experience an anticipation of not-being-in-the-world-anymore and also request that this entity experience the private modes of existence imposed by their new condition of life. In either case Dasein is called upon to new singlings. In conclusion, in the being there's private condition the Dasein can manifest itself in ill-fated existence, because if it cannot recapture its meaning, the "being-there" will be presented in full engagement with the disease as well as the incessant search for the cure of it.