O caráter fálico da perversão segundo Freud

Abstract

Aiming to discuss the issue of perversion in Freudian theory perspective of infantile sexuality, we explain the phallic perversion and its relation with the psychic processes that would be in its base. Thus, using the descriptive study of concepts involved in the topic, the problem consisted of verifying in the perversion if the pulsions remain attached to the typical operation of the phallic phase, rather than being in the service of adult genital sexuality. The diversity of interpretations among authors who study the perversion in psychoanalytic approach led us to retake the study of the possible relationship between children's theories, the phallic stage and the penis narcissistic value. The hypothesis was that the sexuality of perverse adults would show infantile characteristics because of the fixation on the phallic stage, the narcissistic investment implicit in phallic character of self and the reality of castration, resulting in incomplete dissolution of Oedipal complex. Thus, the mechanism of disavowal would be triggered due to inability to reject the belief of penis universality which arises from infantile sexual theories. Throughout the readings, it was possible to observe that in the period from 1905 to 1911, the perversion in Freud's work is mainly linked to the multiplicity and autonomy of the partial pulsions, the discovery of the difference between sexes in the phallic phase, associated with infantile sexual theories. From 1914 to 1923, perversion is developed together with the concept of narcissism, the absence of the penis in the woman and the reality of castration with consequent incomplete dissolution of Oedipus complex. From the 1920s, especially in the text of 1927 about fetishism, Freud elaborates the mechanism of disavowal [Verleugnung] of the castration reality. From that, he will come to posit the hypothesis of a cleavage of ego, which would explain the persistence of two parallel streams, concerning the psychic functioning of the wicked. One of them would respond to reality and the other would continue to be subjected to narcissistic omnipotence derived from phallic stage. Such results made us realize that, within the limits of Freudian approach of perversion, the mechanism of disavowal and the hypothesis of cleavage of ego, constitute the metapsychological foundations which are necessary to circumscribe and support perversion profile diagnosis.