Percepções dos funcionários com deficiência sobre a acessibilidade no ensino superior

Abstract

The objective of this study was verify which were the conditions of accessibility in a public institution at the heartland of Parana, from the perception of employees with deficiency. It is a theoretical and empiric research. In the theoretical research, in a first moment, we did a rescue of historical constitution of deficiency, pursuing to know how it was being understand on the course of history. In a second moment, we approached the contemporary society, highlighting the social exclusion; in the sequence, we exposed the concept of accessibility and public policies about this thematic to the person with deficiency. In a third moment, it was revealed about the Historical - Cultural Psychology, presenting the visions of human being and deficiency for this perspective. We highlight that this theory comprehends the man as social, cultural and historical, active against nature, and modifies it, at the same time that modifies himself. This theory always considers the material basis to comprehend phenomena. The empiric research involved seven employees of the respective university, which declares themselves with deficiency. The data were collected using interviews, based on a script semi structured, and the obtained answers were organized in five thematic axes (I - concept of accessibility; II - concept of work; III - support and adaptations provided by the institution; IV - perception of conditions of accessibility in university; e V - attitude of people about deficiency), which were analyzed and discussed based on theorizations of authors that talk about the present thematic or that binds to the Historical - Cultural theory. This theory has on historical - dialectical materialism its philosophical basis, which objective is to overcome the appearance, comprehending the essence, the development and the consequences of the studied phenomena, based on its relation with material context. In this research, we did an exercise of approaching of this method for the process of investigation. The results point that the employees with deficiency have been experiencing many accessibility barriers inside the institution. Most of them entered the institution between 20 to 30 years ago, and highlighted that their solicitations of adaptations were mostly, attended on the last 10 years. According with their reports, the institution has been trying to eliminate these barriers, providing adaptations and accessible constructions, but, because of the size of the institution, there is a long way to go. The Regional Agronomy and Engineering Counsel (CREA) inspected the university in 2011, and pointed a deadline for the realization of projects and for the performing of needed adaptations for accessibility. The projects were made, therefore, now it is time to accomplish it. The participants of the research clarified that the changes performed by now refers more to the architectonic barriers, such as ramps, parking lots, adapted bathrooms, and others. This can be related to the fact that the legislation of accessibility is something new, and comprehend, in a first moment, the physical barriers. Although those ones, there are many more that make more difficult the job of employees, such as: lack of a libras interpret to the deaf, work equipment that are not adapted, bureaucracy, lack of money, attitude of other employees, and others. Most of the time, are the employees themselves that adapt their material and work objects, revealing that the implementation of accessibility polices still precarious. The mapping by the search of employees with deficiency was not satisfactory, because we did not find data of the real quantity, and that could indicate the situation of the monitoring of employees. The results reveal the need of enhancement of accessibility polices in the institution, and an effective monitoring of the employees, according to their needs.