Representações sociais : a inclusão/exclusão das pessoas com necessidades especiais no mercado de trabalho

Abstract

The present dissertation approached, from the Social Representations theory, the theme of inclusion/exclusion of people with special needs in the labor market in the region of Maringa, Parana State, Brazil. From the professional experience of the author, as coordinator of Human Resources and a professor of Organizational Psychology and Labour, it was observed that inclusion has been increasingly required for companies, which, in turn, charges more training of all employees, with or without special needs. The Quota Law of the Ministry of Labor and Employment. (Law 8.213/1991) establishes rules for the inclusion of people with special needs (PEN's) in the labor market. One of these rules provides that all companies with more than 1,000 employees should have on your staff, 5% of PEN's in relation to the total number of employees. This fact creates a lot of problems for companies, such as, the reduction of candidates. However, this social problem becomes greater when we realize that the changes in the world of work, the postmodern reality, tend to reduce the traditional forms of employment. So, why propose the inclusion through work? From the theoretical framework of Social Representations (Moscovici, 2007) studied how the inclusion has been subjectively constructed by people with special needs. Our procedures consisted in five open interviews, accomplished with people with special needs, from semi-defined routes that involved questions about disability itself, life histories, family relationships, experincies in the world of work and expectations for the future. The five anonymous interviews, enabled to know the daily reality of the participants and their relationships and concepts about the world of work. Everyone believes that the loss of others benefits, that was granted to people with disabilities, affects their inclusion in the formal labor market. Concerning future expectations, the majority focus was on health and family life, not on a participation in the work world. The Pen's interviewees represent groups of representations collective and individual about the meaning of work.