O lugar das cooperativas de reciclagem em meio a construção da política pública de resíduos sólidos da cidade de Maringá-PR

Abstract

This research aims to understand the place occupied by the Maringa-PR recycling cooperatives in the conception of the Maringá's Solid Waste Municipal Policy. Therefore, this study conducted a theoretical and empirical study involving authors that address issues relevant to the public policies and the relationships that are developed in the political arena during the process of introduction of proposals and setting up the political agenda. In addition to public policy, cooperativism, self-management and solidarity economy topics are illuminated in this research, which are part of the constitution of the theoretical principles demonstrated here. The research is presented as descriptive and has a qualitative analysis. The chosen epistemological guidance was the social constructionism, which corresponds to a methodological approach that allows, through the composition of stories and dialogues between different actors, create narratives from different perspectives, seeking different ways to describe social phenomenon, expanding the reflections on them, the actions and the understanding of the information obtained. As for the process of the research results, first, different actors were interviewed. Members of UNITRABALHO, cooperative workers, civil society and the labor attorney, correspond to the individuals interviewed for this work. Then the statements of these parties were transcribed and analyzed, making thus the search results. The content of the narratives revealed historical elements, which demonstrated the path taken by the cooperatives during the Partido dos Trabalhadores (Labor's Party) administration and the Partido Progressista (Progressive Party) in Maringa-PR. It was noted that, during the administration of Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT), led by then Mayor José Cláudio and his deputy João Ivo Caleffi, during the years 2001 to 2004, the cooperatives received structural and economic incentives to develop their work. However, from 2005, during the Silvio Barros II (2005-2012) and Carlos Roberto Pupin (2013-2016) administration, due to the neoliberal orientation of PP, and by the search for untying the policies adopted by PT on past management, incentives to cooperatives were being interrupted, and its place before the municipal solid waste management was increasingly being shifted to the marginality. With its legitimacy and public acceptance at risk due to pressions of Maringá's population, the Public Ministry through the National Solid Waste Policy, cooperatives, the Waste and Citizenship Forum Fórum Lixo e Cidadania) and civil society, to include cooperatives again in the process of collection and sorting of solid waste, the current management (Carlos Roberto Pupin), according to what could be observed in the narratives, has sought dialogue with the cooperatives bringing them to the discussion on the "issue of junk" (questão do lixo) in Maringá, shifting its place for a context of increased visibility.