Preencher os vazios: o papel da estrutura fundiária na constituição do espaço urbano de Cascavel - das primeiras presenças à década de 1960

Abstract

Cascavel has its initial-historical records of occupation dated from the nineteenth century, when the first obrageras companies established in the region and the State attracts foreign capital by granting land in exchange of colonization and infrastructure works (railroad). However, since the sixteenth century caigangues and guaranis indians occupies the region of the Parana river banks, and were discovered by explorers advancing to the region through the old way of Peabiru. Later, new occupation initiatives emerge with the creation of the Foz do Iguaçu?s military village, the so called Strategic Road and the arrival of caboclos that already were entering the region through the trail-old entries. The national issue comes into evidence in the first quarter of the twentieth century with the Tenentista´s Movement, and the State seeks to recover the border´s territory, culminating in the March to the West. This is the post-1930 scenario, where the initial State measurements and demarcations of plots in Gleba Cascavel occur as well as the implantation of non urban settlement-the Patrimônio Velho-in the area that was already regionally known as Crossroads. The long trajectory of occupation and appropriation of the territory generates land conflicts noticed since the last century, which hinder any attempt of organization of the territory, until at last the 1950s, when finally occurs the demarcation of rural lots and the creation of the Patrimônio Novo. Thenceforth, Cascavel follows an urbanization process, resultant of economic and demographic dynamics, marked by the action of private agents, achieving the end of the 1960?s with 33 new allotments. This is the process analyzed in this study, from a theorical framework on the character of Brazilian modernization subsequent to 1930 and the land issue, along with surveys in bibliographic and documentary sources directed by an approach of the urban space production process, from its constitution by successive forming processes of full and empty spaces, on which the conception of the city as commodity occupies a central position. Thus, seeks to contribute to Cascavel´s urbanization historiography through the analysis of the role of the land structure in the production of the urban space and the identification of its agents