Eficiência alocativa dos fatores na atividade agropecuária brasileira

Abstract

Economical globalization and the criation of supranational groups had made the countries try to improve their economical and structural conditions to get through new chalenges in order to get in this new economical world context. So, the study of competition and complementary of products is an important element on formulation of new politician and comercial strategies necessary to insertion to international market. As well as that, the competition of productive sectores about the generation of foreign currances through the efficient alocation of resources and of the exportations has become necessary to countries, implying on determination of the social cost of the utilization of prime resources on the intended currances' generation. This study intend to analyse the alocative effciency of Brazilian farming activity between 1990-2003, through the metodology of calculation of Domestic Resources Costs (DRC), having as research source the matrices of Input-Output from Brazil in 1990, 1995 and 2003. The used metodology follows Pinto (1994) and has two points of view: the first one is absolute, in which a sector is competitive if the cost of the used factores is cheaper than its production cost. The second one is comparative, in which the sector becomes competitive because it uses the factores in a relatively more efficient way than the others economy sectores which were compared. The results by international rules show that in the absolute point of view, the Farming sector shows itself more efficient in all of the years, once that the generated currances are bigger than its production costs. In the comparative view, and starting from the agregation of the sectores in groups, this activity shows that in 1990 and 2003, its taxes of DRC are better than the Other Factories, Agroindustries, Industry of Mineral Extraction just losing to Tecnology Factories; in 1995, Farming lost to Tecnology factories and AGROINDUSTRIA. In 1990 and 1995, Farming is the industry that most created vacant jobs, but in 2003 lost its position to Textile factory.