Avifauna de uma paisagem antropogenicamente modificada do Sul do Brasil

Abstract

Changes in natural ecosystems triggered by agricultural expansion, urbanization and other land uses lead to the degradation of the Atlantic Forest which is now discontinuous and fragmented. This is why there is a need for conducting bird studies on a wider scale, taking into account the large heterogeneous areas created and shaped by man. In this context, this study aimed to assess birds' occupancy of three environments in the municipality of Fenix, State of Paraná (urban perimeter, wetlands and forest fragments), identifying which species of birds (diurnal and nocturnal) are able to inhabit such environments. The urban area is represented by the Sede Municipal and Rural Village Novos Caminhos. Wetlands are represented by thirteen areas (named from A to M) that have fresh water, natural or artificial; perennial or intermittent, containing standing or flowing water. Forest fragments are represented by the Private Natural Heritage Reserve (Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural - RPPN) Agro Mercantil Vila Rica Inc. and RPPN Hilva Jandrey Marques, both forming a single fragment; RPPN Philuppe Bernard Marie Philibert de Laguiche (Conde Laguiche - Ciudad Real) and the Vila Rica do Espirito Santo State Park. For the identification and tallying of the birds, visual and auditory recordings were monthly made at listening points along transects, from January to December 2013. After the inventory of these environments, three species listings were prepared to represent the avifauna of Fenix municipality: primary, secondary and tertiary lists. The primary list represents the current survey and it is composed of the species recorded in the urban area, the wetlands and forest fragments. The secondary list refers to the species recorded outside the period and / or place of study and also those included in literature and virtual collection WikiAves (2014). The tertiary list consists of the species recorded only by Scherer-Neto and Bispo (2011). Considering the three lists altogether there are 313 species of birds in the city of Fenix. Emphasizing the primary list (which is the focus of this study), there are 215 species of birds altogether; 99 species in the urban area, 142 species in the wetlands and the greatest number is in the forest fragments with 151 species of birds. Many species recorded were considered to be of conservation concern such as Egretta caerulea, which remained in the city of Fenix for 45 days. This study investigates the background distribution of this species in non-coastal regions of Brazil. It is known that Egretta caerulea is a coastal-specialist, and their presence in countryside regions often deserve to be considered accidental. The heterogeneity of habitats seems to be the main factor limiting the distribution of birds in all the environments studied, which showed a distinct species similarity.