Tratamento de resíduos frutihortículas

Abstract

The organic waste need to be treated and disposed correctly in the environment in order to avoid the different pollution forms and health public problems. So, the aim of the present work, was to study the treatment of the fruit and vegetable wastes (FVW) generated in a local central distribution market for food CEASA (Maringá - Paraná). For this, the anaerobic digestion essays had been performed in batch reactors in pilot scale (70 litter reactor; room temperature; inoculant: sewage slude; monitoring time of 300 days) and in small scale ( 100 mL reactor; 25 oC; inoculants: water, domestic sewage, sewage sludge, swine waste; absence and presence of agitation; monitoring time of 60 days). It also had been done composting essays in six different experiments with monitoring time superior to 100 days, in which it had been added to the FVW the following wastes: sawdust (SA), residue of pruning and weeding (RPW), sugarcane bagasse (SB), soybean cake (SC) and boiler ash (BA). The organic compost produced had been evaluated as organic substrate in the planting of corn. All the processes had been evaluated by physical and chemical parameters. The anaerobic digestion process in pilot scale, as it had been developed, didn't led to an efficient degradation of fruit and vegetable wastes, because there was a low consumption of the volatile fatty acids and the removal of the chemical oxygen demand was very low, approximately 30%. In the small scale anaerobic digestion, it can be said that the best results had been obtained when the fruit and vegetable wastes had been diluted with high proportions of domestic sewage and swine waste, in the tests with agitation. However, although satisfactory results had been obtained the FVW had been got a partial stabilization, and the waste produced in the process couldn't be adequately disposed in the environment. The main results that had been obtained in the composting lead to conclude that this process have been feasible, because it was able to produce organic composts that can be used in agriculture. The composts produced in the pile 2 (50% FVW, 50% RPW), in the pile 5 (50% FVW, 30% SC, 20% RPW) and in the vermicomposting (50% FVW, 50% RPW) had showed adequate characteristics for being commercialized. The organic compost produced in the pile 4 (50% FVW, 30% BA; 20% RPW) had been the compost that produced the bigger biomass of corn, but it hadn't differed statically of the other composts, unless the compost produced in the pile 1 (50% FVW, 50% SA).