Estudo de espécies arbóreas ameaçadas de extinção no Parque do Ingá, Maringá-PR

Abstract

The fragmentation of the landscape as a result of human action, changes the nature and the pace of change in the environment, making large areas of forest in areas of human use and occupation, with only a few remaining forests. The reduction of habitats is the main threat to biological diversity and understand the effects of fragmentation and interactions that occur in fragments, is essential for the conservation of species, especially rare and / or endangered species. In this sense, urban protected areas represent an important landscape mosaic subset and, along with a red lists, are considered allied to the conservation of biodiversity. Thus, this study aimed to characterize the vegetation of the ?Parque do Ingá?, a forest remnant located in the urban area of the city of Maringá, Paraná, and study the endangered tree species, aiming at the selection of matrices as landscape conservation strategy and biodiversity. For this, an assessment of vegetation cover through the IVRS was performed using images Landsat 8 Sensor OLI, which allowed sectorize the studied area according to land cover categories. The area was divided into three sectors, and each sector were established transects and sampling points for conducting a Rapid Ecological Assessment. While performing the Rapid Ecological Assessment, at every point, whith walks, species were found endangered and an assessment in each individual, to check matrices. After this evaluation, individuals who meet the criteria to be considered matrix were selected. It found the effects of fragmentation in the landscape, as demonstrated by the heterogeneity of vegetation cover observed inside the fragment and the scarcity of arboreal vegetation in the suburbs because of the edge effect. There were 34 individuals from four plant species threatened with extinction: Aspidosperma polyneuron, Balfourodendron riedelianum, Cedrela fissilis and Euterpe edulis, according to the Red List of Flora. Although all individuals of endangered species present satisfactory phytosanitary conditions, only seven individuals of Cedrela fissilis, met the criteria and could be selected as the matrix. Thus, this selection only serves as a database because it does not meet the minimum number of arrays for a population as required by the literature, making it necessary efforts to realize arrays selection in other green areas of the municipality to increase the database and present a more effective strategy, with greater genetic variability