Práticas educativas no cuidado à intoxicação infantil na atenção básica : uma perspectiva dialógica

Abstract

Considering that childhood intoxications stand out as a reason for attendance in health services and are considered avoidable health-disease events, this research question was: how are the educational practices of Family Health Strategy professionals in the care of Children's intoxications. The objective was to analyze the educational practice of professionals of the Family Health Strategy in the context of child intoxication through descriptive and exploratory research, with a qualitative nature having as reference the sociocultural educational conception of Paulo Freire and the National Policy of Health Promotion. It was carried out in the city of Maringá - Paraná, in the Network of Primary Health Care, with members of nine Family Health Strategy teams, selected through sortation of the health units in the areas covered by the Family Health Support Centers. The participants were nine nurses, seven nursing assistants and 34 community health agents (ACS), individually interviewed through a semi-structured script for interview, composed of the items: Characterization of professionals; Description of preventive activities of children intoxication performed by professionals of the Family Health Strategy and Analysis of educational practices for the empowerment of families. The interviews were conducted in the work environment, in a single meeting, lasting approximately 30 minutes and recorded in full in digital audio media. The characterization data of the professionals were analyzed descriptively and the answers to the triggering questions about the preventive activities of child intoxication and the educational practices for the empowerment of the families were analyzed through the analysis of thematic content. The respondents were 92% women, with an average age of 42.6. Three nursing assistants had completed higher education or were about to complete it and the majority of the ACS (70.6%) had completed high school. The professionals reported average professional experience of 10.5 years in the health area, and 9.2 years in family health teams. The participants' perceptions of this study on health education and its relationship with health promotion indicated a transitional phase, pointing out elements that make up a practice still focused on disseminating information on health and disease. Although they mentioned that they carry out collective practices aimed at empowerment of people's autonomy and well-being. Differences have emerged in the development of health education practices in the different professional categories that make up the Family Health Strategy teams, and that health education practices are generally reproductively developed, that is, they represent only a continuity of Actions that are already routinely conducted in Primary Health Care not considering the importance of the participation of users in decisions and in all phases of health education, mainly in its diagnosis, planning and evaluation. In relation to children's intoxications, practices were not based on socio-educational, pedagogical conceptions and dialogical educational actions of empowerment of families for self-care, but group activities were perceived as those that most closely approximate the health professional of the user, through dialogue. Professionals in general did not have training related to children's intoxication and were unaware of the occurrence of these accidents in their area of coverage. The study points out the need for greater community involvement in the educational actions of the Family Health teams in the studied scenarios