Imagem corporal de adolescentes com excesso de peso : fatores relacionados e efeitos do tratamento multiprofissional

Abstract

The alarming prevalence of obesity has become one of the most relevant public health concerns worldwide. Pandemic levels of this disease lead to a serie of biopsychosocial disturbances in the population, including the perception of Body Image (IC). The adolescence is a period marked by several transformations, being perhaps the most significant stage for the construction of BI. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the psychological correlates of obesity in adolescent weight loss is pivotal. To analyze the scientific production regarding the effects of multiprofessional obesity treatment programs on the BI of adolescents with weigh excess; to test a model of relationships between BI and physical and psychological health-related variables of overweight adolescents freshmen in a Multiprofessional Obesity Treatment Program (PMTO); and to verify the 16-week effects of a MOTP on the dissatisfaction of the BI perception. Three study designs were considered for the development of the current dissertation. The systematic review performed a search for original articles published in journals indexed in the electronic databases MEDLINE/PUBMED, SCIENSE DIRECT, SCIELO, LILACS, BIREME and SCOPUS on the effect of interventions in the treatment of overweight and / or obesity in BI of adolescents. Original article I presents a cross-sectional design. The sample was composed by 239 overweight adolescents freshmen in PMTO. The original article II is a pragmatic clinical trial. The sample was stratified in 164 adolescents that completing the 16- weeks of a MOTP, forming the Intervention Group (GI), and 40 individuals were included in the control group (GC). Only three studies were included in the systematic review, and positive changes in IC were identified after a multiprofessional intervention. The proposed structural equation modeling was statistically accepted and portrays the existence of a relationship between IC, Body Composition (COMP), Health Related Physical Fitness (AFRS), Behavior Change Readiness (PMC) and Health Related Quality of Life (QVRS). The perception of BI was directly associated with COMP and QVRS. The PMTO was effective to provide positive improvements on the satisfaction of BI perception in overweight adolescents. There are few studies that investigated this issue. However, a multiprofessional obesity treatment program was considered efficient to promote positive effects in the BI of overweight adolescents; there seems to be a relationship between IC, COMP, AFRS, PMC and QVRS, Nonetheless, the available scientific evidence is still unclear to explain the mechanisms involved in these changes; Thus, multiprofessional obesity treatment programs are an important strategy to reduce dissatisfaction regarding the perception of BI