Efeito protetor do treinamento físico moderado em esteira, sobre alterações comportamentais e cardiometabólicas induzidas por dieta hipercalórica após a cessação do treinamento em ratos

Abstract

The present study had the objective to test if a moderate intensity physical training, performed three times to week for four weeks, may induces a long-term protection against food behavior deregulation and cardiometabolic deregulation, induces by hypercaloric intake after physical training cessation. For this, we used male Wistar rats with 60 and 90 days, who performed treadmill exercise training with moderate intensity, 3 times a week, for 30 days. After this, animals with 90 and 120 days-old were fed with hypercaloric diet (HD) or commercial diet until 120 and 150 days-old. The evaluation consisted in verifying: body weight gain, food intake pattern, satiety, lipid and glycemic profile, serial levels of triiodothyronine (T3), free thyroxine (T4), blood pressure and pulse interval. Additionally was performed a spectral evaluation of blood pressure and pulse interval variability and cardiac baroreflex sensitivity. To complement the results, were evaluated in vitro the dopamine receptor expression (D1) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) on striatum nucleus and the SOCS 3 receptor expression on hypothalamus. Results showed that physical training developed a stimulus that lasted after the training cessation in which we observed a decreased in food intake during the light period and animals that consumed HD showed total food intake decreased. The animals (DH) had a decrease in SOCS 3, which corroborates with decrease in total food intake. Physical training developed stimulus to increase satiety and TH expression and decreased D1 receptor expression. When evaluating the other cardiometabolic parameters we observed that DH consumption was responsible for develop increase of blood pressure, pulse pressure, vascular sympathetic activity, body weight gain, adipose tissue gain and deregulate the lipid metabolism. Interestingly, the physical training developed longlasting stimuli to improve some of these parameters, such as blood pressure, LDL cholesterol and body fat. Thus, we conclude that moderate intensity physical training, performed three times to week, protected against cardiometabolic alterations induced by hypercaloric diet in adult rats. It was noted a food rhythm modulation, that may are associated with the dopaminergic system control on striatum nucleus; it was also observed that previous trained animals shows a protector effect of the training in which we observed a resistance to alterations development induced by hypercaloric diet