Revisão taxonômica do complexo de espécies Astyanax scabripinnis sensu Bertaco & Lucena (2006) (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Characidae).

Abstract

In this paper we revised Astyanax scabripinnis species complex, proposed by a combi-nation of characters concerning: body shape "body deepest and heaviest in area proximate to middle of pectoral fins, head heavy, snout short and abrupt by tapering, body depth smaller than 41% of SL (mean 30-33% of SL)", counts of branched anal-fin rays: "reduced number of branched anal-fin rays (13-23, usually 17-18, rarely 22 or 23) and color pattern "presence of one or two humeral spots, and a dark, midlateral, body stripe extending to the tip of the middle caudal-fin rays" which currently has 30 species. Morphological analyzes constitute counts, measures and color pattern. Astyanax scabripinnis is redescribed based on the holotype and many additional specimens from coastal drainages from the lagoa Mirim in Uruguay to Espírito Santo State, Brazil and rio Iguaçu, upper rio Tibagi and rio Uruguay. The species Astyanax janeiroensis, Astyanax laticeps and Astyanax serratus are new synonymous. Since Astyanax scabripinnis has been rediscovered and its morphological characters do not support the Astyanax scabripinnis species complex, we suggest the extinction of that complex. Astyanax gymnogenys are considered valid, senior synonym of A. longirhinus and biggest size species in the genus; Astyanax troya are considered valid and senior synonym of A.bifasciatus; Astyanax cremnobates, in turn are considered a senior synonym of A. brachypterygium whereas A. rivularis, a senior synonym of A. turmalinensis and Hyphessobrycon santae. Astyanax cremnobates as well as A. rivularis have variable lateral line (complete, incomplete and and discontinuous), thus exceeding the definition of Astyanax. In addition, A. paranae and A. jenynsii are redescribed. Astyanax unitaeniatus, a species of the A. bimaculatus complex was analyzed and we verified that it`s also possess characters proposed for the A. scabripinnis complex. The remaining species of the Astyanax scabripinnis complex are revised. Astyanax burgerai, A. courensis, A. cremnobates, A. epiagos, A. eremus, A. goyanensis, A. guaricana, A. jacobinae, A. jenynsii, A. jordanensis, A. leonidas, A. microschemos, A. obscurus, A. ojiara, A. paranae, A. paris, A. pirabitira, A. pirapuan, A. rivularis, A. scabripinnis, A. totae, A. troya, A.varzeae and A. unitaeniatus are considered valid and are redescribed. The occurrence of A. minor, a species endemic to the rio Iguaçu, in the drainage of the rio Ribeira de Iguape and rio Cubatão rivers are also verified, as well as the first record of A. ribeirae, a species described from the rio Ribeira de Iguape, in the drainage of the rio Iguaçu. We also describe a new species of Astyanax from coastal drainage of the São Paulo State and another new species fromthe upper rio Araguaia basin. We also presented a key identification to the species analyzed and another for Astyanax from rio Iguaçu drainage.