Adaptabilidade e estabilidade de linhagens de feijão comum (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the response to diseases and identify superior inbred lines of common bean for grain yield, adaptability and stability. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three replications in four environments in Paraná state. The analysis of grain yield, adaptability and stability of genotypes in the environments: Maringa/2012 Maringa/2013, Campo Mourão/2012 and Ponta Grossa/2012, was performed by the harmonic mean of the relative performance of genotypic value (HMRPGV) method, through mixed model (REML/BLUP). Evaluation of the main diseases naturally occurring in the field was performed in Maringa/2012 and Maringa/2013 environments, using a scale for diseases ranging from 1 (resistant) to 9 (susceptible). The results showed low correlation between environments (0.13), demonstrating the presence of a complex type of interaction. The accuracy was moderate, and because the grain yield is a characteristic of quantitative nature, the heritability in the broad sense was low. The overall average of the experiments was approximately 3108 kg ha-1. In relation to the environments, Ponta Grossa showed the highest grain yields reaching the levels of 4500 kg ha-1. The genotypes with higher genotypic values selected by individual BLUP were: CNFP 10794, CHP 01-238, LP 09-40, C 4-7-8-1-2 and CHC 98-42 with averages 5% higher than the overall mean. Regarding to the grain yield, stability and adaptability, according to the HMRPGV statistic, has been found that lines: CNFP-10794, CHP 01-238, CHC 98-42, C 4-7-8-1-2 and LP 09-40, showed superiority to other lines, being promising candidates to become new cultivars recommended to the South region of Brazil. The lines that stand out in the diseases evaluations with low scores were: LP 09-192, LP 09-40, TB 02-23 and TB 03-13 in Maringá/2012, and FT 08-75 and LEC 01-11 (renamed Flor Diniz UEM) in Maringá/2013. The analysis via mixed models allowed us to identify superior genotypes of common beans according to their grain yield, adaptability and stability, giving the fact that the results are in the same magnitude of the original data.