Fragilidade e vulnerabilidade socioambiental nas bacias hidrográficas do Paraná 3 (Brasil) e do Alto Paraná (Paraguai) : estudo em área de fronteira

Abstract

The present study carried out a study in the landscape units of the basins of Paraná 3 (Brazil) and Alto Paraná (Eastern Paraguay), with emphasis on fragility and socioenvironmental vulnerability mapping. This spatial cut has boundaries with the western regions of the state of Paraná (Brazil) and the eastern part of the departments of Canindeyú and Alto Paraná, located in Eastern Paraguay. In order to reach the proposed objectives, the integrated analysis was adopted, making possible the knowledge of the geoecological structure through information on the geology, geomorphology, pedology, climate, hydrology and vegetation coverage of the studied area. To the knowledge of the geoecological structure are included socio-economic information (land use and occupation, education, demography, access to technology and consumer goods, quality of housing) presented by municipalities and districts, which allows the elaboration of a proposal mapping of social and environmental vulnerability and fragility, as well as the recognition of evolution processes and landscape dynamics. The obtained results showed that in this area the natural conditions present greater internal inequalities, with greater variation between the different morphological patterns of relief and of soil, causing that, in Brazilian territory, the natural characteristics are, in the most of the units, more relevant in the fragility class distributions. In Alto Paraná, in Paraguayan territory, the internal variations of the physical and natural elements are smaller, which leads to a greater importance of the socioeconomic factors, in which the political-administrative limits are easily identified in the final mapping of fragility / socio-environmental vulnerability. In Brazilian territory, it was also possible to associate social vulnerability indices with the indices of natural and environmental fragility, that is, in the sectors with the lowest potential and emerging fragility, there are the municipalities with the lowest levels of social vulnerability, and, in the sectors with the highest indices of potential and emerging fragility, there are the municipalities with the highest levels of social vulnerability. In the area of study in Paraguayan territory, this correlation can not be established.