A sustentabilidade das paisagens e seus padrões espaciais ao longo de um corredor de biodiversidade do terceiro maior rio em extensão das Américas.

Abstract

The landscape´s sustainability is a "desirable trajectory", perceptible to the people and allowing the maintenance of natural resources. Understanding that landscapes are becoming unsustainable, measures that help decision makers should focus on not only understanding environmental changes but also how much this affects the society´s life quality. Spatial patterns that reflect the state of sustainability of the landscapes (municipalities) were adopted. Fifteen municipalities that were part of the Paraná River Biodiversity Corridor were selected, which had the use and the management of soil classified. Through the landscape metrics of fractal dimension, Shannon equitability and cohesion, spatial patterns were identified. We considered 13 social, 8 environmental and 5 economic indicators to analyze the social, economic and environmental characteristics (SEA) of the municipalities (state of sustainability). Through the analysis of spatial patterns and their SEA characteristics, municipalities were categorized into groups. Spatial patterns were analyzed to predict socioeconomic and environmental characteristics (intragenerational sustainability) and, in general, to infer about the services being provided and those that are protected for the future (intergenerational sustainability). From the landscape groups (GPs), it was identified that the municipalities had similar characteristics (SEA) among them, being distinguished in four types with respect to the sustainability of their landscapes. Municipalities of the ecoefficient type that are not viable (GP 1 and GP 3), as well as those of the socio-environmental type (GP 2) have not sacrificed their natural resources, those of the non-bearable socioenvironmental type (GP 5) may depend on the recovery of their natural areas, while those of the unequal socioeconomic type having sacrificed their natural resources, are dependent on services from other landscapes. In this context, this method can contribute to the development of strategies, planning and public policies, since the landscapes present patterns that reflect their state of sustainability, being possible to predict their social, economic and environmental characteristics.