Avaliação do conhecimento, atitude e prática de cirurgiões-dentistas em relação ao diagnóstico e manejo da gengivoestomatite herpética aguda em pacientes infantis : estudo transversal

Abstract

Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento, atitudes e praticas de cirurgioes-dentistas acerca da gengivoestomatite herpetica aguda (GEHA). Material e Metodos: Este estudo transversal aplicou um questionario online do tipo Inque.rito Conhecimento, Atitude e Pratica (CAP; KAP Survey Model) a 416 cirurgioes-dentistas brasileiros, contendo ao todo 20 questoes. Analises descritivas com frequencias absolutas e relativas foram realizadas e a associacao entre as variaveis sociodemograficas com as demais questoes do formulario foram analisadas usando os testes Qui-quadrado e exatos de Fisher (significancia de 5%). Resultados: A maior parte dos entrevistados tinha entre 20 e 30 anos (53,8%), com tempo de formacao de ate 5 anos (48,6%). A maioria eram graduados (37%), especialistas (36%), mestres (18%) e doutores e pos-doutores (9%). 43% dos participantes atuavam em consultorio particular e 17% no sistema publico. Na dimensao conhecimento, a grande maioria dos participantes acertaram as questoes relativas as caracteristicas clinicas da GEHA. Em relacao a etiopatogenia, a maior parte dos participantes (94%) acertou que o fator etiologico e um virus, entretanto muitos acreditaram que o HSV tambem e causador da herpes-zoster, estomatite aftosa recorrente e da doenca mao-pe-boca. Grande parte dos participantes afirmou que o diagnostico e clinico (89%), alguns consideraram a citologia esfoliativa (5%) e poucos disseram nao saber (1%). Em relacao as complicacoes da GEHA, apenas 41% dos participantes assinalou a opcao correta. Nas dimensoes atitude e pratica, os tratamentos mais assinalados foram: analgesico via oral (61,4%), aciclovir (41%), laserterapia (38,9%), anestesico topico (24,8%) e bochecho com clorexidina (24,6%). Alguns participantes cogitaram o uso de antifungicos (7,6%) e antibioticos (4,5%). A maior parte afirmou que raramente atende criancas e reportou dificuldades em diagnosticar lesoes bucais devido a falta de contato com a area na teoria (27%) e na pratica (37%). A unica variavel com diferenca estatisticamente significativa foi a titulacao, tendo os grupos com mestrado e doutorado apresentado maior indice de acertos (p<0,005). Conclusao: Os cirurgioes-dentistas brasileiros apresentaram um bom nivel de conhecimento sobre a GEHA em criancas, entretanto ainda tem dificuldade em tratar a doenca. Quanto maior a titulacao, maior o indice de acerto dos participantes.

Objective: This paper’s objective is to assess dentists’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards herpetic gingivostomatitis (HGS). Methods: A Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP Survey) on-line survey containing 20 questions was applied to a total of 416 brazilian dentists. Descriptive analyzes with absolute and relative frequencies were performed and possible associations between sociodemographic variables with the knowledge questions were investigated using Chi-quadance and Fisher's exact tests (significant 5%). Results: Most participants were between 20 and 30 years old (53.8%) and graduated up to 5 years (48.6%). Most of them were graduates (37%), specialists (36%), masters (18%) and doctors and post-docs (9%). 43% of the participants worked in a private dental office and 17% in the public health system. In the knowledge dimension, the majority of the participants answered correctly to the questions related to the clinical characteristics of the GEHA. Regarding the etiopathogenesis, most participants (94%) agreed that the etiological factor is a virus, however many believed that HSV is also the cause of herpes zoster, recurrent aphthous stomatitis and hand-foot-and-mouth disease. Most participants stated that the diagnosis is clinical (89%), some considered exfoliative cytology (5%) and a few declared they did not know (1%). Regarding GEHAs complications, only 41% of the participants marked the correct answer. In the attitudes and practices dimensions, the most frequent treatments selected were: oral analgesic (61.4%), acyclovir (41%), laser therapy (38.9%), topical anesthetic (24.8%) and chlorhexidine mouthwash (24 .6%). Some participants considered the use of antifungals (7.6%) and antibiotics (4.5%). Most of them stated that they rarely treat children in their daily practice and reported difficulties in diagnosing oral lesions due to lack of contact with it theory (27%) and in practice (37%). The only variable with a statistically significant difference was degree, with the groups with master's and doctoral degrees having a higher rate of correct answers (p<0.005). Conclusion: Brazilian dentists showed a good level of knowledge about GEHA in children, however they still have difficulty in treating the disease. Also, the higher the degree, the bigger was participants’ knowledge.